But I differ from those who charge this baseness on the framers of the Constitution of the United States. He is a bird for the sportsmans gun. He can bring no witnesses for himself. They may sometimes rise in quiet and stately majesty, and inundate the land, refreshing and fertilizing the earth with their mysterious properties. be warned! The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. Sign up for daily emails to get the latest Harvardnews. I doubt if there be another nation on the globe, having the brass and the baseness to put such a law on the statute-book. It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. Need I tell you that the Jews are not the only people who built the tombs of the prophets, and garnished the sepulchres of the righteous? Let it be thundered around the world, that, in tyrant-killing, king-hating, people-loving, democratic, Christian America, the seats of justice are filled with judges, who hold their offices under an open and palpable bribe, and are bound, in deciding in the case of a mans liberty, hear only his accusers!In glaring violation of justice, in shameless disregard of the forms of administering law, in cunning arrangement to entrap the defenseless, and in diabolical intent, this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation. I will not. There is hope in the thought, and hope is much needed, under the dark clouds which lower above the horizon. But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. The little experience I have had in addressing public meetings, in country schoolhouses, avails me nothing on the present occasion. By that act, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated; New York has become as Virginia; and the power to hold, hunt, and sell men, women, and children as slaves remains no longer a mere state institution, but is now an institution of the whole United States. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. He argues that the Constitution does not permit slavery, contrary to the claims of contemporary defenders of the institution. There are forces in operation, which must inevitably work The downfall of slavery. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cuminabridge the fight to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. This home government, you know, although a considerable distance from your home, did, in the exercise of its parental prerogatives, impose upon its colonial children, such restraints, burdens and limitations, as, in its mature judgment, it deemed wise, right and proper. The evil that men do, lives after them, The good is oft-interred with their bones. be warned! America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. Your President, your Secretary of State, your lords, nobles, and ecclesiastics, enforce, as a duty you owe to your free and glorious country, and to your God, that you do this accursed thing. Initially mentored by William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. If any man in this assembly thinks differently from me in this matter, and feels able to disprove my statements, I will gladly confront him at any suitable time and place he may select.I take this law to be one of the grossest infringements of Christian Liberty, and, if the churches and ministers of our country were not stupidly blind, or most wickedly indifferent, they, too, would so regard it.At the very moment that they are thanking God for the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty, and for the right to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, they are utterly silent in respect to a law which robs religion of its chief significance, and makes it utterly worthless to a world lying in wickedness. Text Frederick Douglass, " What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? I will not enlarge further on your national inconsistencies. The speech has been notably performed or read by important figures, including the following: The paragraphing referenced here is taken from an edition of the speech at, African Americans In Congress: A Documentary History, by Eric Freedman and Stephen A, Jones, 2008, p. 39, "Activist Public Relations and the Paradox of the Positive: A Case Study of Frederick Douglass's Fourth of July Address", "One of American History's Worst Laws Was Passed 165 Years Ago", "The Operation of the Fugitive Slave Law in Western Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1860", The American Constitutional Experience: Selected Readings & Supreme Court Opinions, Frederick Douglass on Slavery and the Civil War: Selections from His Writings, "Frederick Douglass Statue Torn Down On Anniversary Of Famous Speech", "Frederick Douglass statue torn down in Rochester, N.Y., on anniversary of his famous Fourth of July speech", "Frederick Douglass statue torn down on anniversary of great speech", "VIDEO: Frederick Douglass' Descendants Deliver His 'Fourth Of July' Speech", A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Frederick Douglass's Descendants Deliver His 'Fourth of July' Speech, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_to_the_Slave_Is_the_Fourth_of_July%3F&oldid=1137650578. [7], The Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851. I shall see, this day, and its popular characteristics, from the slaves point of view. There, the question of emancipation was a high religious question. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. Building off of this, Douglass criticizes the Fugitive Slave Act, holding that in this act, "slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form." In spite of his praise of the Founding Fathers, he maintains that slaves owe nothing to and have no positive feelings towards the founding of the United States. This truth is not a doubtful one. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July | Historical Context The Colonial regime paved way for the transportation of slaves from different parts of the world, mostly from the African continent to work in southern states of America on cash crop plantations that generated a great source of income. Is slavery among them? Follow the drove to New Orleans. When a child, my soul was often pierced with a sense of its horrors. Is that a question for Republicans? Is it at the gateway? You will see one of these human flesh-jobbers, armed with pistol, whip and bowie-knife, driving a company of a hundred men, women, and children, from the Potomac to the slave market at New Orleans. "Meaning of the Fourth of July to a Negro" by Bridget Durham The Fourth of July is a day of celebration for many Americans because on July 4th, 1776, America declared independence from Britain and said that everyone was free under the US government, right? Would you argue more, and denounce less, would you persuade more, and rebuke less, your cause would be much more likely to succeed. Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist. The audience must fulfill what the founders of the country advocated. They petitioned and remonstrated; they did so in a decorous, respectful, and loyal manner. On what branch of the subject do the people of this country need light? The eye of the reformer is met with angry flashes, portending disastrous times; but his heart may well beat lighter at the thought that America is young, and that she is still in the impressible stage of her existence. Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetual remembrance. It saps the foundation of religion; it makes your name a hissing, and a by word to a mocking earth. On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass gave a keynote address at an Independence Day celebration and asked, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Douglass was a powerful orator, often traveling six months out of the year to give lectures on abolition. Mark the sad procession, as it moves wearily along, and the inhuman wretch who drives them. Advertisement for the pamphlet of Douglass' speech from the July 12, 1852 edition of Frederick Douglass' Paper (formerly The North Star), Douglass begins by saying that the fathers of the nation were great statesmen, and that the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence were "saving principles", and the "ringbolt of your nation's destiny", stating, "stand by those principles, be true to them on all occasions, in all places, against all foes, and at whatever cost." You may rejoice, I must mourn. Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? Ossie DavisA Voice Ringing O'er the Gale! These men were generally well dressed men, and very captivating in their manners. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? ROY: Douglass wrote the speech in the wake of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which effectively extended the reach of slave power in the South throughout the rest of the country. Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us?Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. You shed tears over fallen Hungary, and make the sad story of her wrongs the theme of your poets, statesmen and orators, till your gallant sons are ready to fly to arms to vindicate her cause against her oppressors; but, in regard to the ten thousand wrongs of the American slave, you would enforce the strictest silence, and would hail him as an enemy of the nation who dares to make those wrongs the subject of public discourse! For who is there so cold, that a nations sympathy could not warm him? He refers to the Constitution as a "Glorious Liberty Document". During the Civil War, Douglass said that since Massachusetts had been the first state to join the Patriot cause during the American Revolutionary War, black men should go to Massachusetts to enlist in the Union Army. They perambulate the country, and crowd the highways of the nation, with droves of human stock. Summary: "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" In "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", otherwise known as "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," Frederick Douglassoutlines a careful argument against the institution of slavery and more specifically the Fugitive Slave Act. ARI . Because the church stood behind the decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the country. But its quite another to change the way you see yourself and to grow into a person deeply committed to long-term interracial coalition building. A major theme of the speech is how America is not living up to its proclaimed beliefs. I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. Let this damning fact be perpetually told. As the champions of oppressors, the chosen men of American theology have appearedmen, honored for their so-called piety, and their real learning. [5] Many copies of one section of it, beginning in paragraph 32, have been circulated online. He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. Is slavery among them? You discourse eloquently on the dignity of labor; yet, you sustain a system which, in its very essence, casts a stigma upon labor. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? There is not time now to argue the constitutional question at length nor have I the ability to discuss it as it ought to be discussed. 5.0. The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and man must be proclaimed and denounced.What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? [5], A statue of Douglass erected in Rochester in 2018 was torn down on July 5, 2020the 168th anniversary of the speech. That bolt drawn, that chain broken, and all is lost. [20]:344. But we also need to invest as a city and as a society into reading and learning more about the present realities of oppressed peoples. They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. It was demanded, in the name of humanity, and according to the law of the living God. or is it in the temple? To . But now is the time, the important time. One of the biggest challenges we face in our present moment is building sustainable movements that fundamentally change peoples minds about race and racism. The United States does not have to stay the way it is. Frederick Douglass, circa 1879. The Lords of Buffalo, the Springs of New York, the Lathrops of Auburn, the Coxes and Spencers of Brooklyn, the Gannets and Sharps of Boston, the Deweys of Washington, and other great religious lights of the land have, in utter denial of the authority of Him by whom the professed to he called to the ministry, deliberately taught us, against the example or the Hebrews and against the remonstrance of the Apostles, they teach that we ought to obey mans law before the law of God.My spirit wearies of such blasphemy; and how such men can be supported, as the standing types and representatives of Jesus Christ, is a mystery which I leave others to penetrate. They went so far in their excitement as to pronounce the measures of government unjust, unreasonable, and oppressive, and altogether such as ought not to be quietly submitted to. It is not that pure and undefiled religion which is from above, and which is first pure, then peaceable, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. But a religion which favors the rich against the poor; which exalts the proud above the humble; which divides mankind into two classes, tyrants and slaves; which says to the man in chains, stay there; and to the oppressor, oppress on; it is a religion which may be professed and enjoyed by all the robbers and enslavers of mankind; it makes God a respecter of persons, denies his fatherhood of the race, and tramples in the dust the great truth of the brotherhood of man. For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. The speech has since been published under the above title in The Frederick Douglass Papers, Series One, Vol. It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. Americans! Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? I am glad, fellow-citizens, that your nation is so young. Is it that slavery is not divine; that God did not establish it; that our doctors of divinity are mistaken? [10] Douglass had spoken at Corinthian Hall in the past. Rhetorical Analysis Of Harvey Fourth Of July. (3) $3.99. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisya thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. Must I argue that a system thus marked with blood, and stained with pollution, is wrong? Read its preamble, consider its purposes. there is no matter in respect to which, the people of the North have allowed themselves to be so ruinously imposed upon, as that of the pro-slavery character of the Constitution. Youll never experience a black hole, but Avi Loeb can help you imagine one, We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term., Level of cannabis use could determine post-op outcomes, Historian says Fla. dispute shows why AP class in African American studies is needed, Why Church Committee alums urged new House panel to avoid partisanship, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, Rewriting history to include all of it this time. That is a question Frederick Douglass posed 169 Julys ago in a speech to a group of abolitionists, one that's become perhaps his most famous. Before you read the speech you can follow these links to learn more about Douglass's life and the evolution of his thought in this period. The fate of many a slave has depended upon the turn of a single card; and many a child has been snatched from the arms of its mother by bargains arranged in a state of brutal drunkenness.The flesh-mongers gather up their victims by dozens, and drive them, chained, to the general depot at Baltimore. These people were called Tories in the days of your fathers. The charter of our liberties, which every citizen has a personal interest in understanding thoroughly. And it also imposed severe penalties on anyone who helped enslaved people to escape. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the lame man leap as an hart.But, such is not the state of the case. Space is comparatively annihilated. The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" was delivered in the decade preceding the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and achieved the abolition of slavery. In order to put an end to it, some of these last have consented that their colored brethren (nominally free) should leave this country, and establish themselves on the western coast of Africa! To the slave, Douglass tells the audience, "your 4th of July is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license [for enslaving blacks] . There is consolation in the thought that America is young. Noble men may be found, scattered all over these Northern States, of whom Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn, Samuel J. [6] Due to this and the variant titles given to it in various places, and the fact that it is called a July Fourth Oration but was actually delivered on July 5, some confusion has arisen about the date and contents of the speech. Creative people have bypassed gatekeepers for centuries to distribute what they wanted to share so badly. They find common ground in Houghton Library exhibition. The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.. As with rivers so with nations. The accepted time with God and his cause is the ever-living now. [8] Frederick Douglass had moved to Rochester in 1847 in order to publish his newspaper The North Star. [20]:346 To prove evidence of these inconsistencies, as one historian noted, during the speech Douglass claims that the United States Constitution is an abolitionist document and not a pro-slavery document.[22][23][24]. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, NY, on July. I will show you a man-drover. More than 150 years later, Keidrick Roy, a doctoral student in American Studies at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and a U.S. Air Force veteran, will host a virtual community reading and discussion of the storied speech at the Somerville Museum on Thursday as part of the annual state-wide MassHumanities program Reading Frederick Douglass Together.. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. In "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Frederick Douglass sought not only to convince people of the wrongfulness of slavery but also to make abolition more acceptable to Northern whites. My soul sickens at the sight. I can to-day take up the plaintive lament of a peeled and woe-smitten people!By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. $ 3.60. Africa must rise and put on her yet unwoven garment. As the project scholar, my role is to advise the process as it rolls out, to give a talk that provides contemporary and historical context and to facilitate the community discussion around the speech against the backdrop of other relevant issues. Washington could not die till he had broken the chains of his slaves. According to Douglass, these inconsistencies have made the United States the object of mockery and often contempt among the various nations of the world. Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to. That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! On July 5, 1852, in . How should I look to-day, in the presence of Americans, dividing, and subdividing a discourse, to show that men have a natural right to freedom? In that speech, he cast the abolitionist movement as being engaged in a "War" against defenders of slavery. The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. In an 1868 speech, he said, No man should be excluded from the government on the basis of his color, no woman on account of her sex. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. GAZETTE: Why is it important to do this kind of community-building work at a local level? Here you will see men and women reared like swine for the market. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Douglass builds his argument by using surprising contrasts, plain facts, and provocative antithesis. The arm of commerce has borne away the gates of the strong city. In the end, Douglass wants to keep his hope and faith in humanity high. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour. Ex-Vice-President Dallas tells us that the Constitution is an object to which no American mind can be too attentive, and no American heart too devoted. Heavy billows, like mountains in the distance, disclose to the leeward huge forms of flinty rocks! The time was when such could be done. had I the ability, and could I reach the nations ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. The fiat of the Almighty, Let there be Light, has not yet spent its force. The cause of liberty may be stabbed by the men who glory in the deeds of your fathers. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? Many of its most eloquent Divines. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse;. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" in 1852, drawing parallels between the Revolutionary War and the fight to abolish slavery. Douglass details the hardships past Americans once endured when they were members of British colonies and validates their feelings of ill treatment. Your lawmakers have commanded all good citizens to engage in this hellish sport. Douglass' speech came just 11 years before Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation hitting a poignant point in American history through his targeting of the slave as a crucial figure in desperate need of independence. Essentially, Douglass criticizes his audience's pride for a nation that claims to value freedom though it is composed of people who continuously commit atrocities against Blacks. I am also hosting a summer reading and discussion series called Race, Fragility, and Anti-Racism through the Somerville Museum and the City on a Hill network of local churches. Not fewer than forty Americans have, within the past two years, been hunted down and, without a moments warning, hurried away in chains, and consigned to slavery and excruciating torture. He thinks they were extremely intelligent, and the thinks it is admirable that when they realized they were oppressed by Britain, they rebelled. PDF. The far off and almost fabulous Pacific rolls in grandeur at our feet. In July of 1852, Frederick Douglass prepares a speech known as The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. The minister of American justice is bound by the law to hear but one side; and that side, is the side of the oppressor. [12], According to the 1850 Census, there were around 3.2 million enslaved persons in the United States. I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form. 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